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Media Construction of the Middle East




Resource List Key
AIC Arab-Israeli Conflict OME Other Middle East Sref Student Reference VID Video
WIrq War in Iraq MC Media Coverage Shdt Student Handouts OA Online Activities
Islm Islam Tref Teacher Reference PM Popular Media PC Political Cartoons
MM Militant Muslims LP Lesson Plans SCiv Civic Action Img Images

 
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Resource List Key
AIC Arab-Israeli Conflict OME Other Middle East Sref Student Reference VID Video
WIrq War in Iraq MC Media Coverage Shdt Student Handouts OA Online Activities
Islm Islam Tref Teacher Reference PM Popular Media PC Political Cartoons
MM Militant Muslims LP Lesson Plans SCiv Civic Action Img Images

1. After the War
(WIrq, OME, Tref, LP-MSHS, Img)
New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/learning/issues_in_depth/20030129.html
A collection of lesson plans designed to help students understand, analyze, discuss and share responses to critical and analytical questions regarding the war in Iraq and other current issues. Also features images and timelines to help students further understand the effects of the war as well as links to additional resources.


2. Aljazeera.net
(AIC, Wirq, OME, MC, Tref)
http://english.aljazeera.net/
An English version of Al-Jazeera, the Arabic all-news cable channel that has been the most visible anti-war voice in the Middle East. Includes links that provide information on the socio-economical, political and cultural current events in Iraq. Background information, articles and links to international news sources.


3. America Attacks

(Tref, LP-MSHS, Shdt, Img)
New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/specials/terrorism/
A collection of lesson plans covering the September 11 attacks, the war in Afghanistan and more. Includes links to images and related news articles.

4. America's Image Further Erodes, Europeans Want Weaker Ties
(WIrq)
The PEW Research Center
http://people-press.org/reports/display.php3?ReportID=175

Features a 2003 poll examining whether or not Europeans view the U.S. positively, as well as an analysis of public opinions about the decisions regarding Iraq made by the Bush administration. This poll is part of a series of worldwide public-opinion surveys examining the values and attitudes of more than 38,000 people in 44 countries worldwide.

5. Americans Reevaluate Going to War with Iraq
(WIrq, Tref)
Program on International Policy Attitudes/Knowledge Networks Poll
http://www.pipa.org/
A 2003 report evaluating the assumptions Americans held going into the war versus the opinions they held at the time of the survey. The role of the media in creating social attitudes is also addressed.

6. America Responds
(MM, OME, Tref, LP, Shdt)
Public Broadcasting Service
http://www.pbs.org/americaresponds/educators.html
A collection of resources compiled to aid educators in teaching students about peace, tolerance, war, patriotism, geography and other related issues. The list was pulled together in the days immediately following September 11, 2001, and includes a number of relevant lesson plans for all grade levels.


7. Amplifying Officials, Squelching Dissent

(WIrq, MC)
Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting
http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=1145
An extensive 3-week research study examining television coverage of the U.S. led attack on Iraq beginning the day after the bombing began on March 19th, 2003. This study raises viewer’s awareness of the mass media propaganda which found its way into the news during this specific period in the conflict.


8. Arab-Israeli Conflict
(AIC, MC, Tref, Sref)
International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism
http://www.ict.org.il/arab_isr/arab-isr_frame.htm
This site offers background information on the Arab-Israeli conflict through the use of various articles and documents. Also featured are links to a list of terrorist organization profiles, a terror attack database, current fatality statistics of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and updates on the Palestinian-Israeli peace process.


9. Avoiding Armageddon
(Tref, LPHS, Shdt)
Public Broadcasting Service
http://www.pbs.org/avoidingarmageddon/
A companion Web site to the documentary "Avoiding Armageddon,” the resources here invite students to think critically about weapons of mass destruction and terrorism. Includes educational activities and ideas for both educators and parents to help engage young people in thoughtful discussions regarding these topics.


10. The Baghdad Blog (WIrq)
Based on information from an Iraqi man who kept an internet diary on what everyday life was like for people in Baghdad during the build up to the invasion of Iraq. This site includes information on the book which his entries have now been compiled into. Visitors can download the first chapter and order the book from this site.


11. Bill of Rights in Action
(Islm, MM, OME, Tref, LPHS, Shdt)
Constitutional Rights Foundation
http://www.crf-usa.org/bria/bria15_1.html
Features articles tracing the development of the Sharia, traditional Islamic law, the relationship between Islamic Iran and the U.S. and the Salman Rushdie controversy. Additionally, lesson plans are featured to help students better understand each of these issues.


12. CAMERA: Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America

(AIC, Wirq, OME, MC, Tref)
http://www.camera.org/index.asp
A media-monitoring, research and membership organization which aims to promote accurate and balanced coverage of Israel and the Middle East. Features documents, reviews, and archives of Middle East coverage.


13. Caught in Crossfire: The Iraq War and the Media

(WIrq, MC)
International Press Institute
http://www.freemedia.at/IraqReport2003.htm
This site by the International Press Institute features a “diary of claims and counterclaims” compiled through the monitoring of press freedom violations and other media-related stories throughout the war in Iraq. Includes a compilation of reports from news agencies, press freedom organizations and various other sources.


14. Classroom Tools (WIrq, Tref, LP-MSHS, Shdt, VID, PC)
http://www.classroomtools.com/
This site offers resources for teachers and lesson ideas on a variety of topics including analyzing propaganda and the misperceptions of the American public regarding the Iraq war. Teachers can use the search feature to find assorted materials and information on these topics and more.


15. Critical Media Literacy in Times of War
(WIrq, MM, OME, MC, Sref, OA)
Department of Teaching and Learning, Virginia Tech
http://www.tandl.vt.edu/Foundations/mediaproject/home.htm
An interactive, multimedia Web site designed to inspire readers to think critically about how different news sources may present varying depictions of current events. Includes examples from diverse news sources, and focuses on three issues: anti-war protests, civilian casualties, and justifications for war. In doing so, it examines the differences in positions and reporting by conservative, liberal, and progressive news sources, both domestic and foreign.


16. Critical Media Studies in the Middle East and the Islamic World
(Islm, MC, Tref)
http://www.journalism-islam.de/publikationen/sonstige.html
A site featuring the publications of the German Institute for Middle East Studies. These volumes feature information on relations between Islam and the West, as well as an analysis of the media. Includes a brief description of each book as well as information on how to order copies.


17. Current Events Lesson Plans and Resources
(WIrq, MM, MC, Tref, LP, Shdt, VID)
College of Saint Benedict/Saint John’s University
http://www.cloudnet.com/%7eedrbsass/edsoc.htm#currentevents
An extensive list of lesson plans for assorted age groups dealing with the current crisis in Iraq and terrorism, as well as resources related to September 11, 2001. Each title includes a brief description.


18. Drawing on History to Challenge the War
(WIrq, MC, Tref, LP)
Rethinking Schools
http://www.rethinkingschools.org/war/ideas/draw173.shtml
A lesson plan designed to teach students to be more critical of their news sources. Students are asked to watch a short film, engage in discussion, and analyze media coverage of the war in Iraq to find controversial messages and conflicting perspectives presented in the media.


19. Education for Peace: Education Information and Resources
(WIrq, MC, Tref, Sref, Img)
Drew University
http://users.drew.edu/sjamieso/peace_resources.html
Provides information and resources on many topics including general information about the war, media listings and anti-war resources and reports. There are also links to historical and political maps.

20. Electronic Iraq
(WIrq, MC, Tref)
http://electroniciraq.net
Iraq-related news and information sources with an anti-American slant. Features many articles and news reports from Iraq compiled by Middle East alternative news publishers, The Electronic Infintada, and incorporates on the ground reports from veteran antiwar campaigners Voices in the Wilderness. Includes information on arts and culture, action and activism and editorials.

21. FAIR’s Media Activist Kit
(MC, Tref, Sref, SCiv)
Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting
http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=119
Provides "how-to" guides for identifying, documenting and challenging inaccurate or unfair news coverage.


22. Faith and Media Since 9/11
(Islm, MC)
Faith and the Media
A 2002 article which aims to address the Western media’s treatment of religion. The author addresses the way in which the media thinks about faith and how this has changed since 9/11. Additionally, the need for improvement is also stressed.


23. Foundation for Middle East Peace
(AIC, MC, Tref, Sref)
http://www.fmep.org/
A nonprofit organization with the goal of informing U.S. citizens about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict while attempting to assist in a peaceful solution which will bring security for both peoples. Includes many reports, maps and photographs.

24. Frontline’s Teacher Center
(Tref, LP-MSHS)
Public Broadcasting Service
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/
The Frontline Web site features lesson plans and activities for educators designed to take up no more than one or two class periods. Links to resources covering current events, history, government and public policy.

25. Gateway to Educational Materials
(Tref)
Information Institute of Syracuse
http://www.thegateway.org
A catalog of over 40,000 records of free, full-text educational resources from over 700 organizations.

26. Global Connections: The Middle East
(AIC, MC, Tref, LP, Sref, Shdt, OA)
Public Broadcasting Service
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/index.html
A site designed to put the Middle East in context for students. Includes a timeline of key events, major themes and questions to help explore some of the big-picture issues affecting the Middle East. Also includes links for educators.


27. Gulf News
(AIC, WIrq, OME, MC, Tref, Sref)
http://www.gulfnews.com
A news Web site offering serving Dubai, the United Arab Emirates and the Gulf region. This is the leading English language news paper of the UAE, and includes links to many articles and up-to-date headlines.


28. Image: A Wider Angle View of the Fall of Baghdad (Img)
Scoop Independent News
http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0304/S00117.htm
A wide angle shot of the scene around the much celebrated fall of the bronze statue of Saddam Hussein in Baghdad in April 2003. The image, from an unknown source, contradicts by U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld’s assertion that the event was the equivalent of the fall of the Berlin Wall.

29. Institute for War and Peace Reporting
( WIrq, OME, Tref, VID)
http://www.iwpr.net/iraq_index1.html
The Institute for War & Peace Reporting aims to strengthen local journalism in areas of conflict. This site includes links to a variety of news articles, interactive maps of key war-zone locations and video reports.

30. Internet Stokes Anti-War Movement
(WIrq, MC)
Wired News
http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,57310,00.html
This 2003 article addresses the anti-war protests in San Francisco and Washington D.C. before the beginning of the U.S. led attack on Iraq. The author also assesses the role of the Internet in providing information to anti-war protestors.

31. Iraq
(WIrq, Tref, PM, VID)
C-Span.org
http://www.c-span.org/classroom/current/iraq_rebuilding.asp
A collection of recent video reports, speeches and news articles concerning the post-war reconstruction/democratization process of Iraq. Includes a link to classroom resources.

32. Iraq, a Postwar Student Survey
(WIrq, LP, Shdt)
ESR Metro
http://www.esrmetro.org/iraqsurvey.html
Offers a way for teachers to give students skills in conflict resolution and intercultural understanding while promoting critical thinking, social awareness and civic action. This site offers ideas for a session with students to determine their reactions to recent events regarding the war in Iraq while providing information to help guide student inquiry into the consequences of the war.


33. The Iraq Action Coalition
(WIrq, MC, SCiv)
http://www.iraqaction.org/
An online media and activists' resource center for those who aim to bring an end to the U.S. war against Iraq. Provides a thorough study of media coverage on Iraq during and after the 2003 war. Also featured are other resources to better understand the organization’s views.

34. Iraq Conflict Coverage Weblog
(WIrq, MC, Tref, OA)
CyberJournalist.net
http://www.cyberjournalist.net/features/moreiraqcoverage.html#special
Features links to a multitude of resources on the Iraq conflict including weblogs and diaries from embedded journalists and multimedia resources featuring interactive graphics and stories. Additionally, there are links to news coverage from the major American networks and other Iraq related weblogs.

35. The Iraq Crisis
(WIrq, Tref, Sref, Shdt)
Mideastweb
http://www.mideastweb.org/iraq.htm
This site seeks to provide an overview of Iraqi history, as well as the history of the conflict between Iraq, the U.S. and the U.N., Iraqi production of weapons of mass destruction and obstruction of U.N. inspections. It features resource links for background information, as well as links to maps and current Middle East news stories.


36. The Iraq Foundation
(WIrq, OME)
http://www.iraqfoundation.org/index.html
A non-profit, non-governmental organization working to achieve democracy and human rights in Iraq. This site provides up-to-date information on Iraq and its reconstruction, as well as its people after the fall of Saddam’s regime. Includes links regarding progress in Iraq, Saddam’s control over Iraqi media during the rule of the Ba’ath party and the lack of journalistic freedom during his regime.

37. Iraq in the News
(WIrq, MC, Tref)
http://iraq.datops.com/War/index.asp
Offers international media coverage on the Iraq War, including its causes and consequences. Features various links to visual representations of the existing viewpoints on the war in both the national and international media, as well as colorful graphs to provide a visual aid of the ratio of positive to negative tones in news coverage by various media outlets.

38. Iraq: Teaching Resources
(WIrq, Tref, Shdt, Sref, Img)
BBC News
http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/teachers/citizenship_11_14/subject_areas/conflict_resolution/newsid_2280000/2280663.stm
Includes many articles and news reports regarding the U.S. and Britain’s decision to invade Iraq. Features many children’s opinions on the issue, as well as a photo gallery and the latest updates.

39. The Iraq War in Cartoons
(WIrq, PC)
Slate Magazine
http://cagle.slate.msn.com/Iraq.asp
A collection of cartoons depicting events from the war on Iraq.


40. Iraq Watch

(WIrq, Tref)
ZNet
http://www.zmag.org/CrisesCurEvts/Iraq/IraqCrisis.cfm
Provides alternative news and analysis of past, present and ongoing events, as well as information on the conflicts and crises in Iraq. Articles and reports can be selected by author, date or topic. Includes information on the history and context, media analysis, activist materials and more.


41. Iraq: Whose Strategy is Working?
(AIC, WIrq, OME, MC, Tref, OA)
openDemocracy
http://www.opendemocracy.net/themes/article-2-1561.jsp
A 2003 article that addresses the main issues the U.S is having with trying to preserve security in Iraq and with instating major reforms for democratization and economic development. Additionally, this site presents opinions and discussions over critical issues such as the war in Iraq and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Links to news articles and assorted media coverage are also featured.

42. Is Iraq a True Threat to the US?
(WIrq, MC)
Common Dreams
http://www.commondreams.org/views02/0721-02.htm
A 2002 article which offers a response to the Bush administration’s “justifications” for launching a war on Iraq. Author Scott Ritter, former chief weapons inspector in Iraq for the United Nations, makes the case that Iraq does not possess any weapons of mass destruction and goes on to explain his views.

43. Islam and Muslims in the Mind of America
(AIC, Islm, MM, OME, Tref, LPHS, Shdt)
Cambridge University Press
http://www.fathom.com/course/21701771/index.html
A lesson plan which addresses the changing relationship between American and Islam over time. Includes student readings and aims to make students analyze the relationship between Americans and Muslims, how the relationship evolved throughout assorted notable events in history and to understand the role media plays in this evolution

44. Islam: Empire of Faith
(Islm,Tref, LP-MSHS, Sref, Shdt, PM, VID)
Public Broadcasting Service
http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/index.html
This site features an overview of the history and evolution of Islam, as well as information about the culture, art and literature of the Muslim world. Includes resources for teachers designed to coincide with the PBS video of the same name.

45. Israel & the Palestinians
(AIC, MC, Tref, Sref, VID)
BBC News
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/middle_east/2001/israel_and_the_palestinians/default.stm
Offers an in-depth and up-to-date look at the Arab-Israeli conflict. Includes links to maps and geographic segments, as well as information regarding various important dates in recent Middle East history. Additionally, there are many audio and video news reports.


46. Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
(AIC, MC, Tref, LP, Shdt, VID)
Public Broadcasting Service
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/conflict/index.html
From the official website of NewsHour with Jim Lehrer. Offers access to news articles and updates on the conflict, as well as graphic maps, showing the conflicting territories and occupation of the Israelis. Includes a link for teaching resources.


47. Lesson Plan on Islamic Fundamentalism
(Islm, MM, Tref, LP-HS, Shdt)
Strom Thurmond Institute in Government and Politics
http://www.strom.clemson.edu/events/seminar/pdf/Blackwood.pdf
Focuses on the debate over whether or not Islamic fundamentalism poses a major threat to world political stability. This lesson plan allows students to critically analyze two opposing views surrounding the threat of Islamic fundamentalism to determine which has more validity. Provides background information on Islamic fundamentalism intended to initiate class discussion and stimulate critical thinking about the subject.

48. Literature Review: National Ideology and National Interests
(Islm, MM, MC)
NewsWatch
http://mediaguidetoislam.sfsu.edu/coverage/01c_review.htm
An article accusing Western media of sending propagandistic messages to the public, thus causing citizens to be misinformed and gain the wrong perception of the Muslim world and religion. The author argues that to some extent, the threat of Islamic fundamentalism has replaced the threat of communism while asserting that today’s media allows the government to silence public opposition on its foreign policymaking.


49. The Media and Iraq
(WIrq, MC)
Project for Excellence in Journalism
http://www.journalism.org/resources/briefing/archive/war.asp
An online archive of stories on the wartime press from January through May 2003 including links to over 500 stories on the media collected by the Project for Excellence in Journalism during the Iraq conflict.


50. Media & Iraq: War Coverage Analysis
(WIrq, MC, Tref, VID)
Media Education Foundation
http://www.mediaed.org/news/articles/mediairaq
A news article that directly addresses the alleged bias in the U.S. media, specifically in times of war. The author questions the “independence” of independent journalists, arguing that many citizens still view them as tools influenced by the government to manipulate the public and distort facts. Also features video reports on social subjects including media and gender representation and health and media.

51. Media Await War on Iraq
(WIrq, MC)
MediaChannel.org
http://www.mediachannel.org/news/tracker/iraq.shtml
MediaChannel.org presents criticism, breaking news and investigative reporting from hundreds of organizations worldwide. Offers access to news materials covering various social topics and includes a compilation of articles about the media coverage of the war in Iraq.


52. The Media Coverage of the Arab-Israeli Conflict

(AIC, MC, Tref, Sref)
S.p.i. Books
http://www.spibooks.com/merchant.mv?Screen=PROD&Store_Code=F&Product_Code=0944007228
Purchase information for the book of the same name that analyzes and evaluates the reporting of events in the Middle East by influential news agencies. Also includes links to related materials.

53. Media Coverage of the War
(WIrq, MC, Tref, LP, Sref, PM)
Public Broadcasting Service
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east/iraq/war/media_special.html
Features transcripts, audio and visual reports from a number of segments from NewsHour with Jim Lehrer. Includes additional links to resources for students and teachers, maps and other special reports.

54. Media Critics Blast Iraq War Coverage
(WIrq, MC)
New Zealand’s Independent News Media
http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0305/S00051.htm
This 2003 article addresses the assertions of two media critics who have argued that New Zealand and some global media coverage of the Iraq conflict is biased and fails to properly inform the public. The author suggests that today’s media serves as a source of government manipulation instead of that of information.

55. A Media Education Approach to Teaching/Talking About The War
(MC, LP, Shdt)
Chris Worsnop
http://medialit.med.sc.edu/warreporting.htm
Features various articles and images from the Iraq conflict, as well as links to major news reports and other sources of information including radio, television and other global vision news networks. Also includes questions to pose to students to encourage critical thinking about the media rather than to adopt specific positions and opinions.


56. Media Propaganda: Hitler, Bush, and the "Big Lie"
(WIrq, MM, MC, Tref)
Moslem.org
http://world.mediamonitors.net/content/view/full/1610
An article from late 2003 in which the author argues that there are “uncanny similarities” between Hitler’s anti-Semitism propaganda with the techniques utilized by the U.S. media and President Bush. The author contends that Western media assigns an aggressive and hostile attitude toward Muslims, thus provoking fear and alienation toward the Muslim world.

57. Media Tonic for War Fever
(WIrq, MC, Tref)
TechnologyReview.com
http://www.techreview.com/articles/03/05/wo_jenkins050203.asp
This 2003 article address the media representation of the 2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. The author argues that the media has taken a pro-war stance, and that historically, media has embraced government goals during wartime while also acknowledging the growth of skepticism thanks to independent digital media, international news sources and pop culture.

58. The Menace of Islamic Fundamentalism and the Hypocrisy of Imperialism
(Islm, MM, OME, MC, Tref)
In Defence of Marxism
http://www.marxist.com/Asia/islamic_fund_ism1100.html
A 2000 article following the development and evolution of Islamic fundamentalism over the past century. The author explains the ideas behind
fundamentalism and the “Muslim brotherhood” (Ikhwan-ul-Muslimeen) while going on to address how and why the fundamentalists have evolved into fanatic opponents of the Western civilization and imperialism.


59. The Middle East (AIC, Islm, MM, OME, MC, Tref, Sref, Shdt)
Department of History, SUNY-Albany
http://www.albany.edu/history/middle-east/index.html
Provides links to various resources dedicated to inform visitors on the ways of the Middle East. Information on the history, culture, economics and society is featured, as well as links to assorted news sources. There are also a number of historical and contemporary maps from various sources.

60. Mideast Conflict: Video
(AIC, MC, Tref, Sref, PM, VID)
Yahoo News
http://story.news.yahoo.com/fc?tmpl=fc&cid=34&lp=3&ll=b3&pg=1&mod=video&in=world&cat=mideast_conflict
Various news reports from assorted media outlets. Includes video reports from sources including NPR, AP and BBC.

61. Musicians in the War Zone: Iraq
(WIrq, Shdt)
Media Education
http://www.chumlimited.com/mediaed/guidepage_much.asp?studyID=5
A study guide designed to compliment one-third of the “Musicians in the War Zone” program, an hour long human rights special designed to communicate the effects of war on global youth and to inspire global action. Features questions for students as well as links to various other related resources.

62. Muslims against Extremism and Fundamentalism
(Islm, MM, OME, Tref, Shdt)
http://www.islamfortoday.com/fundamnetalism.htm
Designed as a guide for Westerners to better understand Islam and Muslim history. Features links to various aspects of Islam and Fundamentalism, as well as information on women in Islam and international news articles dealing with Islam past and present. The traditions and culture of the Muslim world are addressed, as well as how the West currently perceives the religion.

63. The Myth of Islamic Fundamentalism
(Islm, MM, OME, MC, Tref, Sref)
The State University of New York College at Cortland
http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/6453/myth.html
This article aims to give an explanation of fundamentalism as well as offer an explanation as to why it is being used in the context of Islam by Western media and policy makers. The author provides an introduction on the meaning of fundamentalism globally and across religions. Also discussed is media misrepresentation of the core of the fundamentalism movement and its ideology.

64. Negative Views of US Are Increasing in Europe, Poll Finds
(WIrq)
New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/19/politics/19CND-POLL.html?ex=1133499600&en=995c7d2869d9236f&ei=5070&ex=1064462400&en=2d547b43fef4d8cd&ei=5070&oref=login
An article from early 2003 addressing a poll which found that many European countries had negative opinions of the U.S. at the start of the Iraq conflict. The nine-country survey found overwhelming disapproval of the way the Bush administration managed U.S. foreign policy during this time.

65. Neo-Fundamentalism
(Islm, MM)
Social Science Research Council
http://www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/roy.htm
An article that addresses the concept of Islamism and the key elements which define Islamist movements.

66. New Hope for Iraq's Marsh Arabs
(WIrq, VID, Img)
NPR News
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1605026
An article from January 21, 2004 addressing the concerns of the marsh Arabs of southern Iraq after the fall of Saddam Hussein’s regime. Includes links to photographs, radio and newspaper reports.


67. The News Media and the Second Intifada

(AIC, MC)
OpenDemocracy.net
http://www.opendemocracy.net/debates/article-8-92-1428.jsp
This 2003 article addresses the destructive role of the media in the Israeli-Palestine conflict. Features examples of media coverage from both an Israeli and Palestinian perspective.


68. New Merle Haggard Tune Blasts US Media Coverage of Iraq War
(MC, PM)
Common Dreams
http://www.commondreams.org/headlines03/0725-02.htm
A news article concerning a song released by Merle Haggard that bashes media coverage of the Iraq conflict. Haggard draws upon the controversy surrounding comments made by country performers, The Dixie Chicks, who faced great backlash after voicing their opinions against President Bush.


69. No one wins
(AIC, MC, Tref, LPHS, Shdt, PM, OA)
CNN
http://www.cnn.com/2000/fyi/lesson.plans/12/07/rights.mideast/
A lesson plan developed in late 2000 to encourage students to think systematically about personal, national, and global decisions, interactions and consequences. Students will be involved in research, discussion and keeping journal entries to reflect upon the information they uncover.


70. Palestine, Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Primer
(AIC, MC, Tref, Sref, Shdt)
The Middle East Research and Information Project
http://www.merip.org/palestine-israel_primer/toc-pal-isr-primer.html
This site is specifically designed to provide historical background and
information on key points of the initiation and development of the
Arab-Israeli conflict. Documents historical events in the ongoing conflict from the turn of the 20th century to the present.

71. The Palestine Monitor
(AIC, MC, Tref, Sref)
http://www.palestinemonitor.org/
Assorted articles and information on the Arab-Israeli conflict from a Palestinian perspective. Includes links to feature articles, maps of segregation territories and divided territories, Jerusalem and others. Additionally, article archives, eyewitness reports and a photo gallery are featured.

72. Palestine Times
(AIC, OME, MC, Tref, Sref)
http://www.ptimes.org/
The online home of the monthly political English newspaper features news from Palestine, world news, interviews and analysis. Includes links to many articles and news archives dating back to May 1997.

73. The Palestinian Information Center
(AIC, MC, Tref, Vid)
http://www.palestine-info.co.uk/am/publish/
A Palestinian site featuring regular updates on the Arab-Israeli conflict.
Includes links to the land’s history and development, as well as information on human rights and terrorism. Features daily news and press clippings from a Palestinian perspective.

74. The Perfect Storm? The American Media and Iraq
(WIrq, MC)
openDemocracy
http://www.opendemocracy.net/debates/article-8-92-1457.jsp
This 2003 article addresses the American media’s coverage of the Iraq war, arguing that a pattern has established post 9/11. The author argues that intimidation, collusion, inattention and ethnocentrism have flooded the American media’s coverage of the conflict, signaling a dismal time for U.S. media sources. Includes links to other news sources and articles supporting the author’s statements.


75. The PEW Research Center for the People and the Press
(WIrq, Tref)
www.people-press.org
The PEW Research Center is an independent opinion research group that aims to study attitudes held toward the press, politics and public policy issues. Features surveys measuring public attentiveness to major news stories, as well as polls charting trends in values and fundamental political and social attitudes.

76. The Press and War: Do We Learn the Issues by Reading the News?
(LP, Shdt)
Philip Randolph Campus High School, New York
http://www.highschooljournalism.org/teachers/LessonPlan_Display.cfm?Type=L&LessonplanId=267&AuthorId=146
A lesson plan divided into multiple sections and activities to analyze news media coverage and media accuracy. Designed as a one-week unit, students will examine samples of print news coverage of the relationship between the U.S. and Iraq from both 1990 during the Gulf War and now to determine whether full, balanced coverage of the issues or government/presidential policy is prevalent.

77. Propaganda Critic
(MC, Tref, Sref, PM, VID)
http://www.propagandacritic.com/
This site is specifically created for educational purposes and aims to provide educators with information on how to inform students about propaganda in the media as a reflection of our society. Features information about common propaganda techniques, as well as examples. Also includes a link to a video gallery featuring specific recorded examples of media stereotypes and propaganda during war.

78. Propaganda: Nobody Does It Better Than America
(Tref, Sref)
Pure Water Gazette
http://www.purewatergazette.net/propagandainamerica.htm
The techniques of American propaganda are explored in this article as the author asserts that propaganda produced by the U.S. government is the best in the world. He asserts that it relies on emotional appeals while tracing examples of this throughout American history. He also argues that Hitler’s Nazi propaganda was inspired by American methods.

79. Rebuilding Iraq/Iraq War Resources
(WIrq, MC, Tref, Sref)
C-Span.org
http://www.c-span.org/resources/iraq.asp
A collection of documents, links, and contextual resources regarding the Iraq conflict. Features links to primary sources, military and scientific resources and international media outlets.

80. The Role of the Media in the Second Gulf War
(WIrq, MC)
Scoop- New Zealand News
http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/HL0304/S00223.htm
A 2003 criticism of the media in New Zealand, as well as the Western world, for supposedly misinforming the public about the Iraq conflict. The author argues that the public is “hugely uninformed” about what happened before and during the war, but praises the independent Internet media as a new and effective media force. Includes links to major news sources referred to by the author.

81. Saddam Captured
(PC)
Slate Magazine
http://cagle.slate.msn.com//news/SaddamCaptured/main.asp
A collection of political cartoons depicting the capture of former Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein. The images were created by a variety of different cartoonists and were published in various daily editorials.

82. Selling the War on Iraq
(WIrq, MC, Tref)
MoveOn.org
http://www.moveon.org/moveonbulletin/bulletin4.html
This 2002 article addresses the problems the U.S. has faced with Saddam Hussein, arguing that the conflict involves a media which is working to further government goals. The author speaks of the assumptions made about Iraq following September 11, 2001, and gives a few common justifications of the war in Iraq. Includes links to news Web sites offering other examples of the media’s allegedly false reports and propaganda.

83. September 11 and the Struggle for Islam
(AIC, Islm, MM, OME, Tref)
Robert W. Hefner, Department of Anthropology, Boston University
http://www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/hefner.htm
An article that presents the evolving view of Muslim people and culture. Addresses issues concerning the September 11 terrorist attacks and the battle within the Muslim culture between ultraconservatives, moderates and democrats.

84. Spotlight on Iraq
(WIrq, Sref, SCiv, VID, OA)
IslamOnline
http://islamonline.net/english/in_depth/iraq/index.shtml
Coverage of the Iraq conflict from May 2002 through December 2003. Includes background information on the history of Iraq, the anti-war movement and more.

85. Stop Me Before I Shill Again: American Journalism and the Iraq War
(WIrq, MC)
Political Communication Report
http://www.ou.edu/policom/1303_2003_fall/dorman.htm
An opinion piece criticizing U.S. media “performance” in Iraq. The author argues a lack of true coverage of the Iraq conflict has resulted in an oblivious population. Includes links to other related topics and additional resources.

86. The Story Behind the News
(WIrq, MC, Sref, PM, Img)
Newseum
http://www.newseum.org/frontpages/wariniraq.htm
Features the front pages of major international and national newspapers covering the U.S. attack on Iraq. This online exhibit features the March 20, 2003, front pages from more than 200 national and international newspapers, with the first dramatic headlines about the war in Iraq, and goes on to address several notable headlines up through June 29, 2004.

87. Story of the War
(WIrq, VID, Img)
BBC News
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/story_of_the_war/html/default.stm

Photographs and video reports from the start of the Iraq conflict beginning with the March 2003 bombing of Baghdad. Includes links to video analysis on some of the key issues surrounding the war.

88. Students voice opinions on media coverage of Iraqi war
(WIrq, MM, MC, Sref)
Daily Princetonian
http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2003/04/07/news/7828.shtml
A review of Princeton University students’ opinions on the media coverage of the war on Iraq. Students express their frustrations and assert that the American people have been overwhelmed with contradicting “facts.” Also mentioned is a criticism of the media’s portrayal of Islam and the Muslim people.

89. Study: TV Coverage Positively Negative
(AIC, MC)
Forward
http://www.forward.com/issues/2002/02.08.09/news10.html
An article that addresses a study that found negativism in U.S. mainstream media news coverage of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Major news channels are analyzed, and the results are discussed.

90. Talking with Children about Terrorism and War
(MC, Tref)
University of Illinois Extension
http://web.aces.uiuc.edu/familylife/terrorism.htm
Information on how television reporting and heavy media exposure can affect children in times of war. Advice is offered on how to communicate with children, and how to give them information about both war and terrorism. Includes links to related articles.

91. TeacherSource
(Tref, LP, Shdt)
Public Broadcasting Service
http://www.pbs.org/teachersource/search.htm
A search engine from PBS designed for educators. Searchable by resource type, subject matter and grade level. Features recommended Web sites, lesson plans and more.

92. Teaching About the War
(WIrq, Tref, LP-MSHS, Shdt)
Rethinking Schools Online
http://www.rethinkingschools.org/war/index.shtml
A collection of articles and resources for teachers that includes materials and lesson plans focusing specifically on Iraq and the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq.
Additionally, there are many articles addressing more generalized issues of war.

93. Teaching Guide for "Fundamentalism(s)" Essays
(AIC, Islm, MM, OME, Tref, LPHS, Shdt)
Social Science Research Council
http://www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/teaching_resource/tr_fundamentalisms.htm
A teaching guide for professors teaching Global Studies or World Civilization classes. Offers an overview of the history of Islam and introduces the students to the origins of fundamentalism as well as the various meanings of the word used across religions and nations. Includes links to additional readings on the subject.

94. Teaching Students about War
(WIrq, OME, LPHS, Shdt)
Educators for Social Responsibility
http://www.esrnational.org/sp/we/uw.htm
Lessons intended to help students critically analyze the history of conflict and the ethics surrounding war and peace. The lesson plans address discussing war, teaching about the conflict in Iraq and analyzing the Middle East.

95. Teaching the Iraq War
(WIrq, OME, Tref, LPHS, Shdt)
PBS NewsHour Extra
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/teachers/iraq/
A variety of lesson plans addressing various aspects of the Iraq conflict. Also features additional resources from NewsHour.


96. Teaching with the News Archive
(WIrq, MM, MC, Tref, LP)
The Choices Program
http://www.choices.edu/curriculum_twtn_archive.cfm
An archive that includes a variety of tools for teachers involving various topics in recent news including the war in Iraq, terrorism and reconstruction in Iraq. This curriculum aims to encourage critical thinking and civic judgement.


97. TIME Archive: Iraq Covers
(WIrq, MC, Tref, Shdt, Img)
TIME Magazine Online Edition
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/archive/coversearch?collection=timecovers&query=iraq
An assortment of cover pages from past TIME magazine issues reporting on Iraq, Saddam Hussein’s regime and the conflict between the U.S. and Iraq. Each cover includes the issue’s table of contents, as well as the ability to link to articles from the issue.

98. Uncovered: The War on Iraq
(WIrq, PM, SCiv, VID)
http://www.truthuncovered.com/
Information on the documentary feature of the same name, which argues that the Bush Administration's was on a “determined quest” to invade Iraq after the events of September 11, 2001. Includes links to the film’s trailer, to purchase the documentary and to other documentary film recommendations.


99. Understanding Islamic Fundamentalism
(Islm, MM, OME, Tref)
Adventist News Network
http://www.adventist.org/news/data/2001/09/1003237516/index.html.en
This article explains essential meaning of Islamic fundamentalism as a reflection of the Muslim traditions, culture and religion. The author tackles the idea of Islamic fundamentalism from both a Muslim and non-Muslim perspective, recognizing Western media’s interest in the topic following September 11, 2001. Can be used as a background reading to introduce students to the principles of fundamentalism and Islam.


100. US is 'Battling Satan' Says General
(WIrq, Islm, OME, MC, Tref, Sref)
BBC News
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3199212.stm
A 2003 article addressing U.S. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld’s refusal to criticize a senior army officer who told audiences that the war on terrorism is a battle with Satan.


101. War Diaries

(WIrq)
NPR
http://www.npr.org/news/specials/wardiaries/archives.html
A collection of personal accounts and reflections from individuals who have been effected by the Iraq war, both in combat and on the homefront. Includes the diaries of professors, army reservists, business owners, artists and more.


102. War in Iraq

(WIrq, Tref, LPMS)
Constitutional Rights Foundation
http://www.crf-usa.org/Iraqwar_html/iraqwar_home.html
A series of online lessons and research links centered around the war in Iraq. Includes lesson plans, teaching materials, maps and more. Updated continually as events unfold in America, Iraq, the Middle East and around the world.


103. War in Iraq

(WIrq, MC, Tref, VID)
Washington Post
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/iraq/
This site offers background information on the Iraq conflict, as well as links to multimedia archives and maps of Iraq. Current headlines offer updates on the state of the war and U.S. national security. Also features video recordings and images from the war.

104. War, Islamic Fundamentalism Grip Middle East, South Asia
(Islm, MM, OME, Tref)
News and Letters
http://www.newsandletters.org/Issues/2001/Nov/lead_nov2001.htm
A 2001 article that deals with the role of fundamentalism in the Middle East as well as its development in various other Muslim nations. The author is critical of the fundamentalism movement and refers to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks as “the new stage reached by Islamic fundamentalist terrorism.”

105. War on Iraq
(WIrq, MC, Tref)
AlterNet
http://www.alternet.org/waroniraq/
An independent news source, this site strives to bring the reader reliable information about the Iraqi conflict and issues regarding the reconstruction process. Includes background information and links to outside sources.

106. War Report
(WIrq, OME, MC)
Project on Defense Alternatives
http://www.comw.org/warreport/
A collection of articles, documents and analysis on the aftermath of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Content is primarily from major Western media outlets.

107. Weapons of Fear
(OME, VID, OA, Img)
New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/international/20030319_BIOCHEM/index.html
A multimedia presentation concerning weapons of mass destruction presented by a senior writer at the Times embedded in Kuwait. Pays specific attention to Iraq’s arsenal while addressing biological, chemical and nuclear weapons.

108. What Does Fundamentalism Really Mean?
(Islm, Sref)
The Islamic Herald
http://www.ais.org/~bsb/Herald/Previous/495/fundamentalism.html
The author of this 1995 article questions the labeling of almost all Islamic revivalist movements as fundamentalists. The author argues that Islamic fundamentalism is perceived as terror, mainly because of its interpretation in Western media, and thus results in ignorance and misunderstanding.

109. What is War?
(LPHS, Shdt)
Family Education Network
http://www.teachervision.fen.com/lesson-plans/lesson-19771.html
A lesson plan designed to encourage students to consider the kinds of human activity we define as war and what we describe as warlike. Students will consider various definitions of war, paying specific attention to the types of war we are encountering at the beginning of the twenty-first century.

110. What to Expect from the Press?
(MC, Sref)
Project for Excellence in Journalism
http://www.journalism.org/resources/guidelines/rights.asp
A bill of rights defining what we as citizens have a right to expect from journalists. Based on five years of research, this list includes such concepts of truthfulness and presenting a forum for public criticism.

111. Why Media Literacy Matters
(LP, Shdt)
Mediachannel.org
http://www.mediachannel.org/classroom/
A searchable database for lesson plans, activities and ideas for teaching media literacy. Designed as a resource center for K-12 educators.

112. Witnessing whose truth?
(MC)
OpenDemocracy.net
http://www.opendemocracy.net/debates/article-8-92-1007.jsp
A 2003 article addressing the role of journalism and media accuracy in times of war. The author argues that corporate media’s coverage is a big problem, and that diversity will best be ensured by via the skeptical engagement of millions of citizens.

113. World Press Review
(AIC, OME, MC, Tref)
http://www.worldpress.org
A nonpartisan magazine that aims to give readers press coverage from outside of the U.S. and to foster the international exchange of perspectives and information. The magazine attempts to give light to issues which are not generally covered by the mainstream press.

114. Xpeditions
(LP)
National Geographic
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lessons/matrix.html
A collection of lesson plans designed for grades K-12. Featuring various topics and a wide variety of teaching strategies, these lesson plans will inspire students to question real world issues.